SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF RENAL FAILURE

`Acute renal failure

• Bloody stools
  
• Breath odour
  
  • Ammonia breath
    
  • Due to buildup of waste in the body
    
• Bruising easily
  
  • Platelet dysfunction
    
• Prolonged bleeding
  
• Changes in mental status or mood
  
  • Anaemia
    
• Decreased apetite
  
  • Due to buildup of waste in blood
    
• Decreased sensation, especially in the hands or feet
  
• Fatigue
  
  • Decreased erythropoietin synthesis
    
  • Anaemia
    
• Flank pain (between the ribs and hips)
  
  • Polycystic kidney disease, which causes large, fluid-filled cysts on the kidneys and sometimes the liver, can cause pain.
    
• Hand tremor
  
• High blood pressure
  
  • Fluid overload
    
• Metallic taste in mouth
  
  • Accumulation of uremic toxins
    
• Nausea or vomiting, may last for days
  
  • Accumulation of uremic toxins
    
• Persisent hiccups
  
  • Due to GI disturbance
    
• Nosebleeds
  
  • Due to accumulation of toxic products
    
• Seizures
  
  • Hypocalcaemia
    
  • because the impaired kidney no longer produces calcitriol and because hyperphosphatemia causes Ca phosphate precipitation in the tissues
    
• Slow, sluggish movements
  
• Swelling-generalised
  
  • fluid retention
    
• Swelling of the ankle, feet, and leg swelling
  
  • Fluid retention
    
• Urination changes
  
  • Decrease in amount of urine
    
  • Excessive urine at night (nocturia)
    
    • Peripheral oedema (abnormal infiltration of tissues with blood fluids) may be reabsorbed when the patient lies down in bed at night.
      
  • Urination stops completely (end stage)
    
• Shortness of breath
  
  • Fluid retention in lungs
    
  • anemia
    

 

 

 

 

Chronic renal failure

Initial symptoms

• Fatigue
  
  • Decreased erythropoietin synthesis
    
• Frequent hiccups
  
  • GI disturbances
    
• General ill feeling
  
  • Potassium accumulates in the blood
    
• Generalised itching
  
  • Pruritis
    
  • Due to buildup of waste in blood
    
• Headache
  
• Nausea, vomiting
  
  • Due to accumulation of uremic toxins
    
• Unintentional weight loss
  
  • Due to loss of appetite
    

Later symptoms

• Blood in the vomits or in stools
  
• Decreased alertness, including drowsiness, confusion, delirium, or coma
  
  • anemia
    
• Decreased sensation in the hands, feet, or other areas
  
• Easy bruising and bleeding
  
  • Platelet dysfunction
    
• Increased or decreased urine output
  
• Muscle twitching or cramps
  
  • Hypocalcaemia
    
• Seizures
  
  • hypocalcaemia
    
• White crystals in and on the skin (uremic frost)
  
  • Due to accumulation of urea in the body
    

Additional symptoms

• Abnormally dark or light skin
  
  • Due to increased melanin production
    
• Agitation
  
• Breath odour
  
  • Ammonia breath
    
  • Due to buildup of waste in body
    
• Excessive nighttime urination (nocturia)
  
• Excessive thirst
  
  • High level of urea in the blood
    
• High blood pressure
  
  • Fluid overload
    
• Loss of apetite
  
  • accumulation of uremic toxins
    
• Nail abnormalities
  
  • Due to increased melanin production
    
• Paleness
  
  • anemia