prevention

primary prevention
the main objective is to reduce risk of CVD. please look at risk factors and how it can cause CVD.
1) stop smoking
2) Exercise
- related to diabetes type 2
- obesity
- improved lipid profile
- improved insulin resistance
- improved endothelial function
- reduced risk of thrombogenesis
- reduced re-hospitalisations & repeat revascularizations
- lowers blood pressure
3) stress managament
- stress can increase risk of CVD
- hypertension
4) Diet
- Sugar
You should limit your sugar intake to not more than 15% of your total daily energy requirement. High intake of sugar in place of fat is accompanied by reduction in HDL cholesterol and rise in triglycerides.
- Dietary fiber
An increase in soluble or viscous fiber of 5-10g per day is accompanied by 5% reduction in LDL cholesterol.
- Lipid management. eat more omega 3 as it lowers LDL
- Salt – hypertension
- Alcohol consumption
Having one to two alcohol drinks a day may lead to a 30% reduction in heart disease, but above this level alcohol consumption will damage the heart muscle.

Secondary prevention
This is if you have the predisposing factors to CVD

Chronic atrial fibrillation
-Irregular pulse should be verified by an electrocardiogram. Conversion of appropriate individuals to normal sinus rhythm.
-For patients in chronic or intermittent atrial fibrillation, use warfarin anticoagulants

control of type 2 diabetes
-twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
-hypoglycemic therapy – drugs (metformin), insulin
-Exercise - reduced incidence of NIDDM
-prevent/delay onset of complications of IDDM & NIDDM
-reduces insulin requirements in IDDM patients

hypertension
-Reduce salt intake
-Limit alcohol intake
-Antiplatelet agents/anticoagulants
-aspirin at 75 to 162 mg/d

hyperlipidemia
- increase physical activity
- LDL lowering drug therapy
- Fibrate, statin
- Weight reduction
- Diet- increase fiber intake

Tertiary prevention
This prevention is related to treatment and management after you have gotten myocardiac infarction.
- Beta blockers – reduces heart rate
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers
- Antiplatelet agents/anticoagulants
- receive higher-dose aspirin at 325 mg/d
- Statins – hyperlipidemia (lipid regulating)