* there are no symptoms of the underlying disease of the blood vessels. A heart attack or stroke may be the first warning of underlying disease.
Signs
Signs found during a doctor's appointment:
high blood pressure,
Hypotension (reflect on more severe ischaemia),
a heart murmur,
Anxious and restless (common among patients with acute myocardial infarction),
Confusion (due to impaired cerebral flow),
swelling in the ankles or legs (peripheral edema),
Pulmonary edema (due to acute heart failure) which leads to acute dsypnoea,
Tachypnea (rapid breathing) or periodic breathing,
Fainting,
Cold and clammy skin or pallor,
Ascites,
Cachectic (due to severe chronic congestive heart failure)
Symptoms (Heart Attack)
Symptoms of a heart attack include:
pain or discomfort in the centre of the chest;
pain or discomfort in the arms, the left shoulder, elbows, jaw, or back.
may experience difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath;
feeling sick or vomiting;
feeling light-headed or faint;
breaking into a cold sweat;
and becoming pale.
Women are more likely than are men to also have symptoms unrelated to chest pain, such as:
Neck, jaw, shoulder, upper back or abdominal discomfort
Shortness of breath
Nausea or vomiting
Abdominal pain or "heartburn"
Sweating
Lightheadedness or dizziness
Unusual or unexplained fatigue
Sensation of rapid heartbeats = palpitations
swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues = Edema
Difficult, labored breathing,; shortness of breath = Dyspnea
Light-headedness or fainting caused by insufficient blood supply to the brain = syncope
Difficulty breathing related to body position, especially shortness of breath while lying on the back = orthopnea
Symptoms (cerebrovascular) Most common symptom of a stroke:
sudden weakness of the face, arm, or leg, most often on one side of the body.
Other symptoms:
sudden onset of numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body;
confusion, difficulty speaking or understanding speech;
difficulty seeing with one or both eyes;
difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination;
severe headache with no known cause;
and fainting or unconsciousness.
Symptoms (hypertension)
High blood pressure usually has no symptoms, but it can cause serious problems such as stroke, heart failure, heart attack and kidney failure. You can control high blood pressure through healthy lifestyle habits and taking medicines, if needed.
Symptoms (Peripheral artery disease)
-The most common early symptom is intermittent claudication (IC) - discomfort or pain in your legs that happens when you walk and goes away when you rest.
-May not always feel pain; instead you may feel a tightness, heaviness, cramping, or weakness in your leg with activity.
-With critical limb ischemia, you may experience pain in your feet or in your toes even when you are not walking.
-In severe peripheral artery disease, you may develop painful sores on your toes or feet. If the circulation in your leg does not improve, these ulcers can start as dry, gray, or black sores, and eventually become dead tissue (called gangrene).
Symptoms ( Rheumatic Heart Disease)
-a condition in which the heart valves are damaged by rheumatic fever.
-Rheumatic fever begins with a strep throat (also called strep pharyngitis), caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria - most common bacterial infection of the throat.
symptoms of strep throat?
sudden onset of sore throat
pain on swallowing
fever, usually 101–104°F
headache
red throat/tonsils
abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting may also occur, especially in children
symptoms of rheumatic fever?
Fever
painful, tender, red swollen joints
pain in one joint that migrates to another one
heart palpitations
chest pain
shortness of breath
skin rashes
Fatigue
small, painless nodules under the skin
Symptoms (Congenital Heat Disease)
Symptoms can include:
Rapid breathing
Cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails)
Fatigue (tiredness)
Poor blood circulation
*Congenital heart defects DON’T cause chest pain or other painful symptoms.
Babies with congenital heart defects may have cyanosis or tire easily when feeding. Sometimes they have both problems. As a result, they may not gain weight or grow as they should
Older children may get tired easily or short of breath during exercise or activity.
Due to congenital heart disease, Heart works harder -> Heart Failure (*a condition in which the heart can't pump blood strongly throughout the body)
Symptoms (Heart Failure)
Fatigue with exercise
Shortness of breath
A buildup of blood and fluid in the lungs
A buildup of fluid in the feet, ankles, and legs
Cough with frothy sputum
increased urination at night
confusion and/or impaired memory
chronic lack of energy
difficulty sleeping at night due to breathing problems
Reference links:
http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4709
http://www.medicinenet.com/congenital_heart_disease/page3.htm#6whatare
http://www.who.int/entity/cardiovascular_diseases/en/
http://www.genderandhealth.ca/en/modules/cardiovascular/cvd-case-mrs-heart-05.jsp
http://content.nhiondemand.com/psv/HC2.asp?objID=100610&cType=hc
http://www.vascularweb.org/patients/NorthPoint/Leg_Artery_Disease.html
Book: —Epstein et al (2008), Clinical Examination, 4th Edition, Mosby Elsevier, London.
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