Summary for Hemostasis and Inflammation

Hemostasis
When injury occurs, chemical mediators and intercellular messengers called growth factors are released.
-next, blood leaking from inflamed, dilated or broken veselss, begin to coagulate.

-platelets adhere to the damaged epithelium
-discharge adenosine diphosphate to promote thrombocyte clumping
-releases cytokines to initiate inflammatory phase

Alpha granules release growth factors
– PDGF(Platelet-derived growth factor)
– Platelet factor 4
– TGF-b(Transforming growth factor beta)
Serotonin and histamine also released
Thrombin forms , clot forms to close small vessels and stop bleeding
Inflammation
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes released. They clear the debris from the wound.
Activation of complement
C5a-attract neutrophils. Release histamine. Capillary permeability and vasodilation.
C3b-opsonize bacteria-enhance phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophage.
C5,6,7,8,9-form Membrane Attack Complex that lyse bacteria
Macrophage formation
-cytokine production-TNF,IL-8,IL-1,IL-6.
1) Has chemoattractants that recruit and activate additional macrophages at the site of injury,
2) growth factors that promote cellular proliferation and protein synthesis,