HIV vs AIDS, NOTIFIABLE DISEASES

AIDS

Official criteria

• HIV-infected people who have fewer than 200 CD4 T cells.
  

Case definition

• Tested positive for HIV antibody
  
• And have one or more of the following:
  • 10%body weight loss or cachexia, with diarrhea or fever, or both, intermittent or constant, for at least 1 month, not known to be due to a condition unrelated to HIV infection
  • Cryptococcal meningitis
    
  • Pulmonary or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
    
  • Kaposi sarcoma
    
  • Neurological impairment that is sufficient to prevent independent daily activities not known to be due to a condition unrelated to HIV infection
    
  • Candidiasis of the eosophagus
    
  • Clinically diagnosed life-threatening or recurrent episodes of pneumonia, with or without etiological confirmation
    
  • Invasive cervical cancer
    

HIV infection

Case definition

• Adults, adolescents, or children aged ≥ 18 months
  
  • Must meet at least one the following criteria:
    
    • Laboratory criteria
      
      • Detection of antibody to HIV virus
        
      • Detection of HIV virus (viral antigen)
        
  • Clinical or other criteria
    
    • Condition that meet criteria included in the case definitions of AIDS
      
• Children aged ≤ 18 months
  
  • Must meet at least one of the following criteria
    
    • Laboratory criteria
      
      • Definitive
        
        • Positive result or report of detectable quantity on any of the following HIV virology (non-antibody) test
          
          • HIV nucleic acid detection
            
          • HIV p24 antigen test including neutralization assay
            
          • HIV isolation (viral culture)
            
      • OR
      • Presumptive
        
        • Does not meet criteria for definitive HIV infection
          
        • Has a positive result on only one specimen (excluding cord blood) using the above HIV virology tests
          
    • OR
      
    • Clinical or other criteria
      
      • If the laboratory criteria are not met and no other causes of immune suppression
        
      • Condition that meet the criteria included in 1987 pediatric surveillance case definition for AIDS which are
        
      • Candidiasis of the oesophagus, trachea, bronchi, or lungs
        
      • Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary
        
      • Cryptosporidiosis with diarrhea persisting > 1 month
        
      • Cytomegalovirus diseases of an organ other than liver, spleen, or lymph nodes in patients > 1 month of age
        
      • Herpes simplex virus infection causing a mucotaneous ulcer persisting > 1 month; or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or oesophagitis for any duration in a patient >1 month of age
        
      • Kaposi sarcoma
        
      • Lymphoma of the brain ( primary)
        
      • Mycobacterium avium complex of M. kansasii disease, disseminated (site other than/in addition to lungs, skin, cervical, or hilar lymph nodes)
        
      • Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
        
      • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
        
      • Toxoplasmosis of the brain in a patient >1 month of age
        
      • ≥2 bacterial infections within a 2-year period (septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, bone or joint infections) or abscess of an internal organ orr body cavity – excluding otitis media or superficial abscesses
        

Notifiable diseases

Other diseases:

• Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP)
  
• Rubella (adult type)
  
• Rubella (congenital syndrome)
  
• Haemophilus influenza disease
  
• Mumps
  
• Influenza-like illness
  
• Avian influenza
  
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
  

References:

http://www.dph.gov.my/survelans/Guidelines%202008/Case%20definition%20update.pdf

http://www.pharmacy.gov.my/self_care_guide/miscellaneous/Hiv%20infection%20And%20Aids.pdf